Difference between ionic and covalent bond

 Ionic bond is defined as the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the cation and anion formed by the transfer of electrons and resulting in positive and negative ions. A bond which is formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from the valence shell of one atom to the valence shell of another atom. Ionic bond is present in between the two oppositely charged groups such as metals and nonmetals. Metal atoms lose electrons to gain positive ions and nonmetals elements gain electrons to form negative ions. These oppositely charged ions held together to form ionic compounds.

Examples : NaF, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, CsF

Covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by mutual sharing of electrons between combining atoms. It is also called a Molecular Bond when the sharing of electrons occurs between two non metals. 

Examples : HF, HCl, HI, H2O, NH3, O2, F2

There are following difference between ionic and covalent bond.

1.Ionic bond is formed between different positive and negatively charged atoms while covalent bond is formed between similar atoms such as non metals.

2. Ionic bond is formed by transfer of electron from one atom to the other while covalent is formed by sharing pair/pairs of electron

3. Strong electrostatic forces of attraction are present in Ionic bond while weak Van Der Waal forces are present in Covalent bond

4. Ionic bond are solid whereas covalent bond are soft solid, liquid or gases.

5. Ionic bond are polar so they dissolve in water while covalent compounds are non polar in nature so they dissolve in non polar substances such benzene and carbon tetrachloride.

6. Ionic compounds are good conductor of electricity but covalent compounds are poor conductor of electricity.

7. Ionic compounds have high melting or bowling point but covalent compounds has low melting or bowling point.